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unity_game_dev [2020/04/12 00:15]
paul 		unity_game_dev [2020/04/18 21:02] (current)
paul [Unity Engine]
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 Unity comes with a bunch of tools that you have to install from the package manager. This is confusing because they have both an asset store and a package manager. You can install Probuilder, which lets you design, prototype and play-test levels rapidly in the Unity Editor. Unity comes with a bunch of tools that you have to install from the package manager. This is confusing because they have both an asset store and a package manager. You can install Probuilder, which lets you design, prototype and play-test levels rapidly in the Unity Editor.
 +
 +==== Cameras ====
 +
 +To set a camera's view to be aligned with your scene view, select the camera and in the GameObject menu select "Align with Scene View".
 +
 +===== Reference Frames =====
 +
 +Unity uses left handed chirality.
 +
 +Forward in Unity is the +z axis. 
 +Right is +x, up is +y.
  
 ===== Prefabs ===== ===== Prefabs =====
Line 57: Line 68:
  
 // You usually create a rotation in euler and then convert to quaternion. // You usually create a rotation in euler and then convert to quaternion.
- +</code> 
-==== Convertions ====+=== Conversions ===
 <code c#> <code c#>
 // Convert from Quaternion to Euler: // Convert from Quaternion to Euler:
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 [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1Qdt1eAzH8&list=PLKklF7YNi0lOM0C8r_L3JN3oTC6AY9iFE&index=43|A good tutorial that covers this]] [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1Qdt1eAzH8&list=PLKklF7YNi0lOM0C8r_L3JN3oTC6AY9iFE&index=43|A good tutorial that covers this]]
  
-==== Unity Helpers ====+===== Unity Helpers =====
  
 Unity is filled with awesome functions that handle complex timing for you.  Unity is filled with awesome functions that handle complex timing for you. 
  
-InvokeRepeating is one them. It lets you run a script on a timer at watever rate you like. [[https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/MonoBehaviour.InvokeRepeating.html|docs]].+The ''InvokeRepeating()'' method is one them. It lets you run a script on a timer at watever rate you like. [[https://docs.unity3d.com/ScriptReference/MonoBehaviour.InvokeRepeating.html|docs]]. 
 + 
 +Here is an example from [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDEUy2xHeuU|this tutorial video]] on how to use it to handle it automatic weapon firing. 
 + 
 +<code c#> 
 +if (Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")) 
 +{ 
 +    InvokeRepeating("Shoot", 0f, 1f / currentWeapon.fireRate); 
 +} else if (Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")) 
 +    { 
 +        CancelInvoke("Shoot"); 
 +    } 
 +} 
 + 
 +    private void Shoot() 
 +    { 
 +        RaycastHit _hit; 
 +        if(Physics.Raycast(cam.transform.position, cam.transform.forward, out _hit, currentWeapon.range, mask )) 
 +        { 
 +            // We hit something 
 +            Debug.Log("We hit " + _hit.collider.name); 
 +            if(_hit.collider.tag == PLAYER_TAG) 
 +            { 
 +                CmdPlayerShot(_hit.collider.name, currentWeapon.damage); 
 +            } 
 +        } 
 +    } 
 +</code> 
 + 
 +===== Audio ===== 
 + 
 +Here's a method that will play random audio noises from a list. 
 + 
 +<code c#> 
 +    public class Shoot : MonoBehaviour 
 +    { 
 +        [SerializeField] private AudioSource sound; 
 +        [SerializeField] private AudioClip[] m_Sounds;    // an array of sounds that will be selected randomly 
 + 
 +        // Update is called once per frame 
 +        void Update() 
 +        { 
 +            if(Input.GetButtonDown("Fire1")) 
 +            { 
 +                // pick & play a random footstep sound from the array, 
 +                // excluding sound at index 0 
 +                int n = Random.Range(1, m_Sounds.Length); 
 +                sound.clip = m_Sounds[n]; 
 +                sound.PlayOneShot(sound.clip); 
 +                // move picked sound to index 0 so it's not picked next time 
 +                m_Sounds[n] = m_Sounds[0]; 
 +                m_Sounds[0] = sound.clip; 
 +            } 
 +        } 
 +    } 
 +</code> 
 + 
 +===== UI ===== 
 + 
 +==== InputField ==== 
 + 
 +Here's an input field for text set by a button. The script is attached to an empty game object in the scene. 
 +<code c#> 
 +using System.Collections; 
 +using System.Collections.Generic; 
 +using UnityEngine; 
 +using UnityEngine.UI; 
 + 
 +public class NameTransfer : MonoBehaviour 
 +{ 
 +    public string theName; 
 +    public GameObject inputField; 
 +    public GameObject textDisplay; 
 + 
 + 
 +    public void StoreName() 
 +    { 
 +        theName = inputField.GetComponent<Text>().text; 
 +        textDisplay.GetComponent<Text>().text = "Welcome " + theName + " to the game!"; 
 +    } 
 + 
 +} 
 +</code> 
 + 
 +==== Rect Transform ==== 
 + 
 +These friggen things. If you press shift and then alt, something happens. Will need to dive into this at one point. 
 + 
 +{{::toppanelanchorspreset.gif?400|}} 
 + 
 +===== Unity Engine ===== 
 + 
 +Objects of classes always have an object of that type attached to them. 
 + 
 +<code c#> 
 +namespace UnityEngine 
 +{ 
 +    // 
 +    // Summary: 
 +    //     Base class for everything attached to GameObjects. 
 +    [NativeClass("Unity::Component")] 
 +    [NativeHeader("Runtime/Export/Component.bindings.h")] 
 +    [RequiredByNativeCode] 
 +    public class Component : Object 
 +    { 
 +        public Component(); 
 + 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The game object this component is attached to. A component is always attached 
 +        //     to a game object. 
 +        public GameObject gameObject { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The tag of this game object. 
 +        public string tag { get; set; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Rigidbody attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property rigidbody has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Rigidbody>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component rigidbody { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Rigidbody2D that is attached to the Component's GameObject. 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property rigidbody2D has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component rigidbody2D { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Camera attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property camera has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Camera>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component camera { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Light attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property light has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Light>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component light { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Animation attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property animation has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Animation>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component animation { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Transform attached to this GameObject. 
 +        public Transform transform { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The ConstantForce attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property constantForce has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<ConstantForce>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component constantForce { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The AudioSource attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property audio has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<AudioSource>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component audio { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The GUIText attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property guiText has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<GUIText>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component guiText { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The NetworkView attached to this GameObject (Read Only). (null if there is none 
 +        //     attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property networkView has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<NetworkView>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component networkView { get; } 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property guiElement has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<GUIElement>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component guiElement { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The GUITexture attached to this GameObject (Read Only). (null if there is none 
 +        //     attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property guiTexture has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<GUITexture>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component guiTexture { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Collider attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property collider has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Collider>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component collider { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Collider2D component attached to the object. 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property collider2D has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Collider2D>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component collider2D { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The Renderer attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property renderer has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<Renderer>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component renderer { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The HingeJoint attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property hingeJoint has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<HingeJoint>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component hingeJoint { get; } 
 +        // 
 +        // Summary: 
 +        //     The ParticleSystem attached to this GameObject. (Null if there is none attached). 
 +        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)] 
 +        [Obsolete("Property particleSystem has been deprecated. Use GetComponent<ParticleSystem>() instead. (UnityUpgradable)", true)] 
 +        public Component particleSystem { get; } 
 +</code> 
 + 
 +===== Debug ===== 
 + 
 +You can format your debug colors! 
 + 
 +<code c#> 
 +Debug.LogError("<Color=Red><a>Missing</a></Color> Beams Reference"); 
 +</code> 
 + 
 + 
 +===== Multiplayer ===== 
 + 
 +There multiple ways of doing multiplayer in Unity. Unity used to support a multiplayer system called UNet but it was deprecated in 2019 and removed from the codebase. They have yet to fully roll out their new version. Read about it [[https://support.unity3d.com/hc/en-us/articles/360001252086-UNet-Deprecation-FAQ|here]]. 
 + 
 +Another option is to use Photon's PUN service. It is free for up to 20 concurrent users and handles matchmaking. There's an official [[https://doc.photonengine.com/en-us/pun/v2/demos-and-tutorials/pun-basics-tutorial/intro|written tutorial here]]. 
 + 
 +==== Photon PUN ====
  
 +=== PhotonView ===
 +A [[https://doc-api.photonengine.com/en/pun/v2/class_photon_1_1_pun_1_1_photon_view.html#details|PhotonView]] identifies an object across the network (viewID) and configures how the controlling client updates remote instances.
  
  • unity_game_dev.1586650548.txt.gz
  • Last modified: 2020/04/12 00:15
  • by paul